In perspective projection image output TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention provides a cylindrical model by using the perspective projection image output method, especially a fish-eye image by the model described by azimuth coordinates into a Finally, the cylindrical model of a cylindrical perspective projection image do local perspective projection to obtain the output image.

BACKGROUND imaging system using such a situation has been a long wide-angle lens. Especially the 180-degree fisheye been in this industry is very well-known. Fisheye image produced generally hemispherical, part semi-spherical, with sight-related. That is, the wide-angle lens has a larger perspective, this is relative to general camera lens. And the wide-angle lens to grab images, generally mirrored barrel distortion.

When grab image for image barrel corrected by fisheye / wide-angle lens distortion caused most of the immersion viewer (immersive viewer) performs geometric conversion process on the image of a source image. Based on "perspective projection correction (perspective correction)" or "twisted amended (dewaiping)", the conversion process will distort the image to correct for perspective projection image. Based on the perspective projection image correction can observe the position (image viewing position) direction, adjust the image to the appropriate perspective projection image.

Currently, you can select the output image and to prevent local fisheye distorted image of an existing method and apparatus of the good. However, these conventional methods and apparatus was limited to a number of limitations. Illustration, ⑴ hemispherical mode (hemisphere model) is limited by 180 degrees. Twisted (2) When the viewing position (viewing position) more close to 180 degrees, perspective projection view (perspective view) also increases. (3) generate more than 180-degree perspective projection output image (perspective view) is not possible. (4) to describe a true hemispherical fisheye or wide-angle lens is not enough. Image (5) can be produced by perspective projection to obtain part of the partial image without barrel distortion, but can not be projected to produce a letter of no barrel distortion extends into the global target image, and the relationship between them.

So, finding a wide-angle image can grab and observe the visual method and apparatus necessary. Its conditions must be as follows: (1) the 180-degree sight angle must be broken, but was even, depending on the field angle must be able to reach 360 degrees. (2) wide-angle lens must be able to cover the entire area of the image. (3) There must be a way to run for a variety of different projection characteristics of a wide-angle lens. (4) When the twisted part has been corrected, a projection mode can be a complete wide-angle image projection coordinates into another type of image, and to significantly reduce the amount of distortion of the output image.

Thus, you can select and find a way to prevent image distortion by a wide-angle lens grab is very important, and in particular through a fisheye lens image produced.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical pattern or perspective mode output image method, meaning a video image will soon be converted into a wide-angle distortion reduction cylindrical pattern or perspective mode image.

Kind on the cylindrical perspective projection image generated using the output image, comprising: (1) a wide-angle image capture is a circular area of the projection image (circular projection image), and the format can be any of the following one of: all-round (foil circle), rounded rectangle shape (rounded rectangle) and the entire projected (flill projection); (2) the use of fisheye / wide-angle lens sight angle (degree of view) features and the wide-angle image of a cylindrical a radius-shaped projection region to the image having a plurality of azimuth mode (Azimuthal Mode) in making a choice; (3) a detailed definition of a horizontal field of a source region of the projected image (HF0VR; horizontal field of view range) and - Vertical Horizon (VFOVR; vertical field of view range), and the source region of the projected image is azimuth mode; (4) converting the source azimuth pattern projected image area is a cylindrical pattern (Cylindrical Mode) The Source projected image area; ⑶ conversion of the cylindrical source model of the projected image area of a perspective projection mode (Perspective Mode) sources of the projected image area; and (6) to generate the output image.

The present invention relates to the use of an apparatus and method to a single algorithm and distorted wide angle image is converted into more sub-images are combined into a single image, re-export. The sub-target image (Object Image) is not distorted in the coordinate conversion process substantially reduced, that is, in perspective projection mode simulation of the human eye perspective effect obtained without distortion correction generated image. And these are the people's eyes and see for comparison.

Brief Description of the object of the invention, the spirit and the convenience of the preferred embodiments will be described with the accompanying drawings, for better understanding: Figure 1A ~ F is a mode of the invention in a cylindrical or perspective mode Six preferred method embodiment of an output image drawings; Figure 1A-1 is a polar coordinates azimuthal orientation projection drawings; Figure 1A-1 'is a projection azimuthal orientation equator line drawings; Fig 1A- 2 is a drawing a tangent to the cylindrical projection azimuth; Figure 1A-3 is a cylindrical projection secant azimuth to the drawings; Figure 1B-1 is a polar coordinate projection drawings; Figure 1B-2 is a equator line projection drawings; FIG. 1B-3 is an oblique projection drawings; FIG. 1B-4 is another viewing direction in FIG 1A-2 of the drawings; FIG. 1B-5 is another viewing direction of FIG. 1A-3 is attached; Figure 2 is a wide-angle images in a different azimuth pattern comparison with a different angle of sight checklist; Figure 3 is a reverse image of the cylindrical projection mode to the azimuth pattern drawings; Figure 4A is a source of wide-angle image extended drawings; Fig. 4B is a subject of the image to the drawings; Fig. 4C is an image drawing level with a target horizon with a detailed description of the vertical field of view; Figure 5A ~ D is the inclusion of three control factors and a cylindrical image; Figure 6 is an azimuth mode convert video images to a cylindrical pattern of continuous image drawing video images; Figure 7 is an image projection technology using a new derivation of the associated cylindrical image; Figure 8 is a possible projection lens List type and result images; FIG. 9 is azimuth family and pedicle hook seized and turned over control diagram (Tissot distortion indicatrix) - Lanbiao; Figure 10 is a perspective projection azimuth family drawings; Figure 11 is an azimuth mode, etc. Area Imaging and azimuthal equidistant image of a pattern; Figure 12 is a plurality of three-dimensional projection drawings; Fig. 13 is to observe the entire area within a room and a camera mounted on the wall drawings between the parties; Figure 13 1 is mounted a camera to see the entire partitions drawings in a door, a wall or on a vertical carrier; Fig. 14 is a camera mounted in a corner of a room at a higher vision cone with a corner space FIG. 15 is obtained by a minimum angle of sight formulas and drawings related images;; Figures Figure 16 is a cylindrical projection equidistant mode with a pedicle hook seized and turned over control DRAWINGS; FIG. 17 is a concept, It is measured by the amount Nicolas Auguste Tissot and draw the image distorted figures; Fig. 18 corresponds with a longitude of a cylindrical coordinate plane angle and a latitude angle calculation drawings; and 19 is to produce an output perspective BRIEF successive images projected image. reference numeral: a spherical body 101 'plane 102' pole projection or cylindrical projection 121 projection equator line (Equatorial projection) 122 oblique projection (Oblique projection) 123 reverse image (inverse map) 300 cylindrical coordinates (X, image cp) images 301 azimuth coordinate (x, y) 302 Horizon 611,612,613,614 output video image 1003 full circle image (fiill circle) 801 rounded rectangle shape (rounded rectangle) 802, 803 full area projection projection (foil projection) 804 optical CCD / CMOS sensor 810 azimuthal projection area 811 spheroids (spheroid) lOl 'latitude and longitude lines (graticule) 105 901, 903 and other orthogonal projection 903,1102 902,1101 equidistant projection stereoscopic projection 904,1002,1200 Sundial 905,1001 vertical perspective projection 1004 projection tangent secant cylindrical surface of the cylindrical surface 103 by Yi line 105 104 square room 1302 room 1402 pyramid view volume (cone viewing space) 1501 1401 Formula 1504 at right angles to the direction of projection 901 1003 azimuthal equidistant projection 903,1102 Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection 902,1101 tangent point azimuth stereoscopic projection 1005 projection 506,505,502,706,504506 904,1002,1200 projection 1204,1202, 507, 508,505D, 501 404 Latitude Longitude horizontal field Horizon 405 vertical tilt - swing - zooms (PAN-TILT-ZOOM) 108 embodiment of the present invention is an image about the use of a wide-angle lens produced. FIG. 1A-1,1A-1 ', 1A-2, as shown in 1B-4, the image may be a spherical body 101', and projected onto a plane 102 '. The plane 102 'is generally tangent (tangent) to the bulb-shaped body 101', but the cross-section (secant) as shown in Figure 1A-3 and 1B-5. These images also azimuth mode (Azimuthal Mode) or zenith mode (Zenithal Mode) of the projected image. Tangent point (the point of tangency) detailed definition of the orientation of the projection. In terms of functionality, this orientation is the projection of focus (focus). Planar projection (planar projection) of general orientation (regular aspect) is a pole projection 121, a projection equator line (Equatorial projection) 122, with a diagonal projection (Oblique projection) 123, as shown in Figure 1B-1,1B-2 and 1B-3. Wide-angle images of the present invention is projected by the azimuth mode, the azimuth pattern projection like the Cartesian projection (orthographic projection) and gt; stereoscopic projection (stereographic projection), said sundial projection (gnomonic projection), equidistant projection (equal- distance projection), equal-area projection (equal-area projection), and the vertical perspective projection (vertical perspective projection), shown in Figure 2. And the wide-angle image can easily be extended to all other azimuth mode. between azimuth mode and the cylindrical mode (Cylindrical Mode) The projector can be defined as a second set of image formula (mapping equation). The first group is a forward formula (forward equation) or direct conversion (direct relation). The forward link can be converted directly to formula or polar coordinates (longitude? I, latitude cp, radius R) to a Cartesian coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) (the horizontal distance from the origin of the X, with the origin of the vertical distance y), and may provide a convenient scaling factor (scale factor), while the proportion of the scaling factor and the map is different. The setting here is a single scaling factor formula. The second group is a reverse equation (inverse equation), which is the inverse transform of the first group. A reverse image (inverse map) 300 is converted from a cylindrical coordinate (X, cp) at an azimuth angle of the image 301 coordinate (x, y) of the image 302, as shown in Figure 3. The present invention uses only reverse the formula.

Since the fisheye / wide-angle lens will produce images with increasing angle of sight of the city accompanied by serious barrel image distortion (barrel distortion), the cause is compared with a non-wide-angle image, the wide-angle view image Domain corner there was a little increase. Such distortion in the image on a plane of symmetry diverging from the center of the spherical surface of a shaft from a symmetrical, as shown in FIG. 4A and 5A. So, to find a way to solve a wide-angle image distortion is a must, especially depending on the wide-angle lens has a broad range of application features.

The present invention utilizes three projected total for inferring the underlying image (object image). First, the wide-angle video image (wide-angle video image) is an azimuth mode video projection. Through these three projection, the subject of the image with different angles and optical characteristics, that is derived from, for example (perspective projection) video images of the cylindrical projection (Cylindrical projection) video image projection or perspective projection. The three projection will be discussed in more detail in the following. mode (1): This mode is the mode of the video image is converted into a cylindrical azimuth mode of the video image. 611,612,613,614 Fig. 6 features multiple Horizon grab a cylindrical projection image of each pixel (pixel) (X, y), the pixel (pixelXx, y) has the longitude and latitude 1 (p's Numerical wherein, FR (x, y) and Flcp (x, y) is associated with each pixel (x, y) in the longitude 1 and latitude values q and gt; related formula, and the following represents the: X [ x, y] -FlX (x, y)... (1-1), and cp [x, y] = Fl (p (x, y)... (1-2). where, x and y are the Cartesian coordinate plane, and is a cylindrical projection image for each pixel, X and (P arc of latitude and longitude are on. mode (2): Here, take the projector mode (1) a cylindrical video images of a source image after image of the cylindrical projection coordinates after conversion, re-use of local perspective projection techniques (local image perspective view technique) to derivation of an output video image 1003, as shown in Fig. We understood and (1-2) from the equation (1-1), can each point are (X, cp) display, and may be obtained by the following equation: [x, y] = ¥ 2Kx, y)... (2-1), and cp [x, y] = F2cp (x, y)... (2-2). where, F2X (x, y) and F2 (p (x, y) is made for each pixel (x, y) values associated longitude and latitude values 1 (p the derivation out. mode (3): ⑴ compared with the pattern, this pattern is projected by means of a reverse image projection (inverse mapping projection), shown in Figure 3, and the image 301 is converted to image 302. Mode (3) of the source image is to take a perspective projection mode from the mode (2) of the image. Each pixel of a perspective projection of the image is about the value of azimuth image of longitude and latitude values X cp. The following is the second reverse formula (inverse equation) F3x (Xp, (pp) and F3y (Xp, tpp): Defines a specific point from a cylindrical image cpp), then an image of the video images associated azimuth position (x, y) can be calculated by the following equation: X [Ap, (pp] = F3x (Ap, cpp)... (3-1), and y [Xp, 9P] = F3y (Xp, (pp)... (3-2) o wherein, x and y are the Cartesian coordinates of the plane, and the azimuth image. Equation (3-1) and (3-2) is the reverse formula azimuth cylindrical video images to video images.

The present invention provides a method for obtaining a plurality of wide-angle images from the area or reduce distortions in the whole region and produce a selected perspective projection (perspective view) that an image of the subject method. Refer to Figure 1, is a step of the invention is illustrated. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) capture a wide-angle image, a projected image of a circular area azimuthal mode (circular projection image), and the format may be any of the following: full circular (fbll circle), rounded rectangle shape (rounded rectangle) and the entire projected (foil projection), shown in Figure 8; (2) the use of a visual field angle (degree of view) and a radius of a cylindrical projection of the wide-angle image of the area, in for in the image having a plurality of azimuth mode (Azimuthal Mode) selected; (3) the use of a horizontal field of a source region of the projected image (HFOVR; horizontal field of view range) and a vertical field of view (VFOVR; vertical field of view range), and the source region of the projected image is azimuth mode; (4) converting the source azimuth pattern projected image area is a cylindrical pattern (Cylindrical Mode) sources of the projected image area; (5) the conversion of the Source projected image area of the cylindrical pattern of a perspective projection mode (Perspective Mode) source projection image area; and (6) to generate the output image.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1A, the output image is a perspective projection image, so after the above step (5) comprises the following steps: (121) using an interest point coordinates and the horizontal and the vertical sight horizontal field angle field of view; (122) to generate the output projection and a perspective projection model; and (123) to derive the image, and the projected image is a partial perspective projection model.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1B, when the output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, the sub-image mode or cylindrical perspective projection mode, so in the above step (3) After the following steps: (131) Use A point of interest (hot-spots) coordinates, one in sight of a horizontal angle of the horizontal field of view (HFOV) and a vertical field of view angle (VF0V), with each sub-image vertical sight (VF0VR); (132) converts the source azimuth pattern projected image area is a cylindrical pattern (Cylindrical Mode) sources of the projected image area; (133) to derive the sub-image, and is a cylindrical model; and (134) to produce the output image, the output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, and the cylindrical pattern or perspective projection mode.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1C, when the output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, the sub-images are shown through a cylindrical pattern or schema, so the above step (3) After the following steps: (131 ') uses a horizontal field angle and a vertical angle of sight, with fish-eye wide-angle equal to the azimuth image projected onto the horizontal field angle image of the vertical cylindrical sight angle; (132 ') converts the azimuth Source projected image area mode is a cylindrical pattern of the whole source of the projected image area (source full proj ection region); and (133 ') to produce the output image, the output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, and are cylindrical or imaging perspective projection image.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1D, when the output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, the sub-image is a cylindrical pattern or perspective projection-type image, so in the above step (4) after comprising the following steps: (131 ") uses a point of interest (hot-spots) coordinates, one in sight of a horizontal angle of the horizontal field of view (HFOV) and a vertical angle of the vertical sight Sight (VF0V); (132 ") Conversion of the cylindrical source model of the projected image as a perspective projection image projection mode of origin; (133 ") to derive the sub-image, and is a partial perspective projection model projection image; and (134 ') to produce the output image, output image comprising a plurality of sub-images, and the cylindrical pattern or perspective projection image.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1E, when the output image is a cylindrical image when, in the above step (4) after the following steps: (141) use a POI seat, a horizontal field and in the Vertical Horizon angle in the horizontal and the vertical sight Perspective; (142) converts the azimuth pattern area is the source of the projected image of a cylindrical source model of the projected image area; and (143) to derive the sub-images, and It is part of the projected image of the cylindrical pattern.

Preferably, refer to Figure 1F, when the output image is a cylindrical image when, in the above step (3) After the following steps: (141 ') uses a horizontal field angle and a vertical angle of sight to the wide-angle fisheye source image onto an azimuth equal to the horizontal field angle and the vertical angle of sight cylindrical image; (142 ') into the source of the azimuth pattern projected image area is a cylindrical model Source projected image area; and (143 ') deduced the sub-image, and the whole image of the cylindrical projection mode.

has a wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens (fisheye lens) is a real-world scene can grab (scene). Digitized video image signal has a special wide-angle lens sight angle will be converted. Please refer to FIG. 8, different projection methods result in different images, such as a full circular image (foil circle) 801, rounded rectangular shape (rounded rectangle) 802,803 and the entire projected (flill projection) 804, the images are displayed in an optical CCD / CMOS sensor 810. The source image can be seen as a circular area azimuthal projection region 811 is an azimuth pattern. As shown in FIG. 1A-1, the orientation of the polar coordinates (polar aspect) of the plurality of azimuthal projection, as shown in Figure 1A-1 ', the equator line azimuthal orientation pattern projection, and azimuth region 411 is a spherical projection body (spherOid) 10r projection. A plurality of azimuthal projection point is facing the spheroid 101 'center. The azimuth can be the central reference point (central reference point) and longitude values represent the values Wei.

There are several azimuth orientation (azimuthal aspect), and its projection axis positioning system (placement) and spheroids are related. The orientation is the orientation of the polar coordinates in FIG. 1A-1,1B-1 of the (polar aspect), as shown in Figure 1A-1 ', the equator line 1B-2 of the azimuth (equatorial aspect), as shown in Figure 1A-2,1A-3, 1B-3,1B-4, and 1B-5 bevel orientation (oblique aspect). Polar orientation is tangent to the spherical body 101 'pole. Equator line is tangent to the spheroid azimuth 101 'equator. Oblique angle orientation is tangent to the other parts. Lee preferred embodiment of the present invention will preclude the use of the equatorial line orientation. The present invention has the following characteristics azimuthal projection show: (a) when it is described to an azimuthal projection, and a central latitude and longitude can be clearly defined when a standard point (standard point) and its role as one of the focus of the projector.

(b) as shown in Figure 1A-1, a latitude and longitude lines (gmtiCUle) 105 intersect at right, all the lines are gathered in the center, which is composed of latitude and longitude lines of latitude circle on the map (parallel lattice (grid)) and meridian (meridian) is formed out of the definition. (C) as shown in Figure 8, in all directions from the center are given a "true direction (true direction)". (D) twisted around a center point of the image is rounded.

The present invention utilizes a plurality of azimuthal projection models, that the source of the input video image. The multiple model has: (a) shown in FIG. 9, 10, 901, 903 orthogonal projection. (B) shown in FIG. 9, 11 and other surface-area projection 902,1101. (C) as shown in Figure equidistant projection 9,11 903,1102. Sundial perspective projection 905 projection 904,1002,1200o (e) (d) in FIG. 9, 10, 12 shown in FIG. 9, 10 as shown, 1001. Vertical (f) shown in Figure 10 in perspective projection 1004. If you reverse the formula (3-1) and (3-2) can be derived, these projections could potentially have been summarized as azimuth mode.

6 and 8, the input unit based on projected onto a CCD / CMOS (charge-coupled component / complementary metal oxide semiconductor) true position (true position) on the image, and define a plurality of subject images (true position) horizontal field (HFOVR) 611 and vertical sight (VFVOR) 612, a lens sight angle, and projection categories. Output target image azimuth mode is limited to horizontal and vertical sight sight.

is projected spherical surface tangent to a cylindrical surface 103, as shown in FIG. 1A-2, or a cylindrical secant surface 104, as shown in FIG. 1A-3. Then, the cylindrical surface 103 tangent or secant cylindrical surface 104 extended like a plane.

When 6 horizontal horizon (HF0VR) 611 and vertical sight (VFVOR) 612 and a point of interest in Figure 7 is defined very image projection technology can take advantage of a new cylindrical related images inferring it. Cylindrical resulting pattern, Gein projection is a cylindrical surface, such as the tangent cylindrical surface 103, as shown in FIG. 1A-2, or the secant cylindrical surface 104, as shown in FIG. 1A-3. A substantially polar coordinate system axis is exactly spherical body 101 'and the cylindrical surface 103 of the plurality of axes. Meridian and parallel line will be mirrored to a 105 square latitude and longitude lines. Thus, the cylindrical projection mode can be defined. In that the return to Cartesian coordinates. When all of a cylindrical projection on a reference point, chosen by the base coordinate system formed. The present invention is defined as follows: (X0, (p0) Cylindrical = (0, 0)... (5-1) refer to Figure 6, is a preferred embodiment of the invention BRIEF The first preferred embodiment includes the step of FIG. 1 in the step portion of the first preferred embodiment comprises: (601) from a wide-angle lens projector full / partial area of a circular azimuth; (602) from the Full / part to draw a circular area azimuth azimuthal projection image; (603) selects a partial azimuthal projection image in the azimuth of the projected image in accordance with the horizontal and vertical Horizon 613 Horizon 614; and (604) Conversion The local azimuthal projection image into a partial cylindrical projection image, the partial cylindrical projection image with a new level of sight compared with 611 full / part-circular area a new and original vertical horizon 612. azimuth, partial cylindrical projection image in distorted azimuth significant reduction in the level of user can also sight and vertical visual field, select a point of interest group longitude and latitude, and a detailed definition in order to achieve tilt - swing - closer Pull away (PAN-TILT-ZOOM) properties.

Please refer to Figure 2, a perfect wide-angle lens, especially a perfect fisheye lens, its that have the following characteristics: (1) In a mirror image projected from the center symmetrically distributed; and (2) the extension of the The radial distance from the origin to a target point (objectpoint) of the projected image plane with an angle proportional to the angle is a vertical line through the origin of the image plane of the projection with the subject from the origin to the point of a straight line between angle. This means that the whole scene (scene) perfect wide-angle lens is covered by the average. In other words, the distance between the pixel and image pixel between the edge of the image center is the same.

Unfortunately, different arctangent lens (arctangentlens) have different characteristics. These features include a camera sight angle and projection characteristics (projection characteristic). When increasing angle of sight, barrel twist also increases. Azimuthal projection, projection and stereoscopic projection sundial is to simulate real wide-angle lens in the optical and physical aspects of the best model. But each model in different ranges of sight angle has different restrictions, shown in Figure 2.

The present invention can see the entire field of view without dead (entire viewing). Refer to Figure 13, when the entire region to monitor a room 1302 and a camera mounted on the wall of the room 1302, this camera lens captured images can provide its horizontal field angle is not less than 180 degrees, and Vertical Horizon angle is not less than 90 degrees. When shown in Figure 13-1, fisheye / wide-angle lens mount as the car door, a wall or a vertical carrier, the sight angle lens is not less than 180 degrees, it can be complete without monitoring to all shot dead The scene in front of 180 degrees horizontal. 14, when a camera mounted in a corner of the room 1402 of a high place, a corner space vision cone (cone viewing space) 1401, as the can cover the entire field of vision. The entire volume of the pyramid must cover the three vertices (verteX) (l, 0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1). The minimum sight angle lens determined by the formula 1501. The equation 1501 is 2acos (l / sqrt (3)), the result is 109.47 degrees, which is the camera position coordinates (0,0,0), the lens position coordinates are (1 / 3,1 / 3,1 / 3), 1504 and toward a direction, as shown in Figure 15. The conclusion is that having sight angle of not less than 180 features and a CCD / CMOS sensor lens and the horizontal field of view of the sensor is not less than 180 degrees, Vertical Horizon not less than 90 degrees, and the camera is installed in a room The walls of the finest such conditions can be utilized; or having sight angle of not less than 109.47 degrees characteristics and a CCD / CMOS sensor lens and the horizontal field of view of the sensor is not less than 90 degrees, not less than 90 vertical horizon degrees, and the camera is installed in such a condition a corner of the room, etc. are also can be used to provide an entire field of view.

Because equidistant projection is the simplest of all the images. Latitude and longitude lines is part of the cylindrical projection 121 of the equator line orientation, as shown in Figure 1B-1. It is a cylindrical projection, and have a standard latitude circle (parallel) and meridian (meridian). All of Meridian have a certain proportion of all the taboo of the ring also has a certain proportion. The present invention is cylindrical equidistant projection taken, shown in Figure 16. Figure 16 attached several small circle called the bottom rope indicator line (Tissot indicatrix) or distorted oval (ellipse of distortion), see Figure 17. FIG. 17 is a concept, is measured by the amount Nicolas Auguste Tissot and draw the image distortion (map distortion). Of course, the cylindrical equidistant projection is not just a simple cylindrical projection conversion, but can be extended as other cylindrical projection, such as mercator projection (Mercator), Miller projection (Miller), equal-area projection (equal- area) and the like. Equation (1-1) and (1-2) can be represented by Figure 18: a mark on the cylindrical ground plane pixel (x, y), an associated longitude angle \ associated with a latitude angle cp, by the following Export, which: w: width cylindrical image to pixels as a unit; H: height of the cylindrical image to pixels as a unit; starting longitude angle of the cylindrical image; cpl: Starting latitude angle cylindrical image; X2: End longitude angle of the cylindrical image; ((and gt; 2: End latitude angle cylindrical image; horizontal visual field (7-1) Vertical Horizon = cp2-9l (7-2) and related The longitude and latitude can be calculated as follows: X [x, y] = ¥ lX (x, y) horizontal field xx / w (p [x, y] = Flcp (x, y) = tpl Vertical Horizon xy / h Equation (7-1) and (7-2) are derived is the subject of a cylindrical image pixel. to produce a source fisheye / wide-angle image matching cylindrical projection, the conversion from the azimuth mode to the cylindrical mode Reverse image equations (2-1) and (2-2) are necessary elements 幵 start using the orientation of the present invention is to simulate the wide angle circular cornea (wide-angle circular) projection, the total projection (fbll projection), or round shaped region, are all cylindrical imaging (\ (p), shown in Figure 8. The inverse image thus obtained formula (2-1) and (2-2), while the reverse image Formula (2-1) and (2-2) is the corresponding position of the source of wide-angle image (x, y). The present invention includes six examples describe a reverse image formula.

(a) as shown in Figure 9 and 10, and 1003, right-angle perspective azimuthal projection can be seen from the Earth at infinity. This perspective gave the perspective of FIG like a false illusion. Its distortion in size and area near the projection limit, to show a more realistic image, and more real than the other projectors, but does not include perspective. Cartesian projection azimuth pattern is beginning from the mid-point of 90 degrees 幵 limited, thus rendering hemispherical. Reverse image Formula (2-1) and (2-2) are derived utilizing the azimuth rectangular projection pattern, and as described below: x [cp, A,] = cos (cp) sin (l- 0) y [cp, X,] = cos (cp 1) sin (cp) -sin (cp 1) cos (q and gt;) cos (human - into 0) (8-1) (8-2) cp is Lat, X is the longitude, X0 with reference to a reference latitude and longitude.

(b) azimuthal equidistant projection 903 and 1102: the proportion of the factors on the basis of first-class, an image projection distance between two points with the relevant point distance away from each other and the point of the spherical body is different.

In fact, non-azimuthal equidistant projection perspective projection. Order ⑷ with (pi is the degree of longitude and Wei projection center, therefore, the use of reverse azimuthal equidistant projection equation derived with 0-2) can be derived from the following equation: x [(p ] = kcos ((p) sin (X-X0) (9-1) y [cp, A,] = k [cos ((p 1) sin (cp) -sin (cp 1) cos (cp) cos (X- into 0)] (9-2) (c) Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection 902 and 1101: proportional to the area Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection area of the spherical body, and is a non-perspective projection, as projection 902 of FIG. 9.

Therefore, using Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection, reverse the equation (2-1) and (2-2) can guide derivative of the following side programs: (d) azimuthal stereographic projection 904,1002,1200: azimuthal stereographic projection is a perspective projection plane, as shown in the image contour point on earth tangent point 1005 shown across 10 connected together. where all meridians and latitude circles show up are all circular arcs or straight lines. Cross latitude and longitude lines are 90 degrees. In Projection equator line, curve of the circle of latitude is the equator of the spindle from the symmetry of the distribution. Relative to the central latitude latitude circle is a straight line, the other latitude circle is concave and its concave with the line of latitude circle the same side of the Arctic, so the shape of the line to be distributed in the hemisphere, its half k = c / sin (c) c is starting from the center of Jian angular distance, and cos (c) = sin ((p 1) sin ((p) cos ({p 1) cos ((p) cos (into - into 0) x [cp, into] = kcos ((p) sin (into - into 0) y [(p, X,] = k [cos ((p 1) sin (cp) -sin (cp 1) cos ((p) cos (X, -X, 0)] q and gt; l is a standard latitude circle, X0 is the center of the longitude, and k = sqrt (2 / [1 sin (cp 1) sin ((p) cos (cp 1) cos ((p) cos (- A, 0).]) (10-1) (10-2) calculated diameter is 90 degrees from the center, therefore, when the reverse equation (2-1), (2 -2) after use of the azimuthal stereographic projection, can be derived from the following formula: a spherical body radius R is known for: x [cp, ]: = kcos ((p) sin (A - A, 0) (11 -1) y [cp, into] = k [cos (cp 1) sin (cp) -sin (cp 1) cos (cp) cos (X- into 0)] (11-2) into the center of longitude is 0, cpl is the center of the latitude, and k = 2R [1 sin (cp 1) sin (cp) cos ((p 1) cos (cp) cos (A, -X, 0)] (e) said sundial Projection: sundial azimuthal projection is a projection, which is the use of the balls (Globe) is a perspective view of the center point (perspective point). All the great circle (great circle) is a straight line, in addition to the orientation (aspect) away. The projection for Navigation is very useful, because the great circle distance marked out of the fairway is the shortest. This projection was limited by its perspective point and can not be cast out of a straight line perpendicular to the center point, or greater than 90 degrees straight. That is, the equator can not be projected orientation of the axis of the pole (pole), polar coordinate azimuth of the equator can not be projected. Thus, when the reverse equation (2-1), (2-2) the use of the azimuth sundial After the projection, can be derived from the following formula: X0 is the center of the longitude, (pi is the latitude of the center, P is the distance between the point of perspective, which is the radius of the unit sphere, and x [cp, i?] = kcos ((p) sin (A, -A-0) (12-1) y [cp, ] = k [cos ((p 1) sin (cp) -sin ((p 1) cos (cp) cos (A, - 0)], (12-2) and k = (Pl) / [P-sin (tp 1) sin ((p) -cos (cp 1) cos (q and gt;) cos (A, - 0)] wherein, c is a projection center point to the point (x, y) of the angular distance, the relationship is as follows: cos (c) = sin (cp 1) sin (cp) cos (cp 1) cos (cp) cos (into one entry 0) ① vertical perspective projection: Refer to Figure 12, the vertical projection of the azimuth pattern perspective observation that balls (globe) from a distance which is relatively far from the right angle projection. The perspective projection picture of the effect of the Earth as seen from a satellite or space vehicles the same. The scope of its accuracy will depend on the distance and the ball was rather fixed. From the condition of all discussions of view, the angle range is less than 90 degrees, as shown in the projection 12, 1202. 1204 is shown in the projection distance increases, the effect of the projection shown. Thus, when the reverse equation (2-1), (2-2) the use of the vertical azimuth mode after perspective projection can be derived from the following formula: X0 is the center of longitude, cpl is the center of latitude, P is a perspective point distance, which is a spherical body radius 1,400 units, and x [cp, X,] = kcos ((p) sin (A, -X, 0) (13-1) y [(p, X,] = k [cos (cp 1) sin ((p) -sin (cp 1) cos (cp) cos (X, -X, 0)] (13-2) wherein, cos (c) = sin ((pl) sin ((p) cos ((p 1) cos ((p) cos (A, -X0) k = (Pl) / (P-cos (c)) P is on the back of the balls (Globe), and when the projection is inhibition.

Please refer to FIG. 10, it is described using a wide-angle image generation method of a perspective view.

Please refer to FIG. 19, is described step produces a perspective mode images. Cylindrical conversion (cylindricaltransform), the entire image can not be in a single conversion, but only part of it can be.

The present invention utilizes three control parameters to generate the target image, comprising: (a) swing angle (pan angle), that is a point of interest longitude angle (hot-spots point longitude angle), as shown in Fig. 5D projection 506. (B) the pitch angle (tilt angle), that is a point of interest latitude angle (hot-spots point longitude angle), 5D projection 506 shown in FIG. (C) horizontal field angle, as shown in Fig. 5D projection 505, and is considered a major factor in place, horizontal field angle to the vertical center of the target image.

(g) the last one is from a cylindrical projection image mode to create a perspective image. The following are the principles of the present invention discloses a formula. Its base formula used to calculate the position of the image plane, in order to obtain cylindrical imaging pixel, and have corresponding (x, y) coordinate location.

The following are for conversion of variables, description and math: (14) X: Longitude (pitch) angle, and its value is i = pitch angle * 71/180, cp:? Latitude (swinging) angle, and The value is cp = swing angle * 180, W: target image width h: height of the subject image f: perspective image projection horizon horizontal angle, its value can be expressed as follows: f = Sight angle * tu / 180 7t: (pi) Let A, B, M three 3x3 matrix, where, r 1 0 0 A = 0 cos (the) sin (X) 0 -siu (X) cos (X) a r cos (cp) 0 -sin ((p) B = 0 10 sin (9) 0 cos ((f and gt;) - and M = AxB ratio = w / (2 xtan (f / 2)) so that i = 0 to 2 M [ 0] [i] = M [0] [i] / ratio of M [l] [i] = M [l] [i] / ratio defined NORM (a, b) = sqrt (axa bx b) the following substitution formula is a simplified perspective conversion and generate math projected image.

When y = 0 to h, u = -M [l] [0] xyx (h / 2) M [2] [0]; v = -M [l] [l] xyx (h / 2) M [2] [l]; z = -M [l] [2] xyx (h / 2) M [2] [2] When x = 0 to w, s = -M [0] [0 ] xxx (w / 2) u; t - M [0] [2] xxx (w / 2) z; / * Get Perspective projection point from Cylinder * / / * Longitude Angle * / X = atan2 (s, t); / * Get Perspective projection point from Cylinder * / / * Latitude Angle * / q and gt; = -atan2 (v, NORM (s, t)); end; end.

Equation (14). To obtain a correct image, the conversion from the cylindrical coordinate to the azimuth position is necessary. Using the inverse formula (2-1) and (2-2), all of the corresponding (x, y) coordinates of the position will have to grab images from sources orientation. When all the reverse procedure (8) to (13) are added to the formula (14), the equation (14) produces a perspective projection mode image from the cylindrical image.

Equation (14) is also equal to the perspective mode produces a wide angle image from the image azimuth mode. The cylindrical portion is not generated. This formula applies to all of the present invention azimuth pattern, which is optionally different reverse formula. The present invention provides a self-azimuth mode all the guide projection images derived a perspective projection method.

having a plurality of subject images can be cylindrical or perspective projection, as shown in Figure 4A, 4B, 4C shown. FIG. 4A, 5A ~ D is distorted wide angle video source. Figure 4B, 4C is the subject of the image, and has a specific longitude and latitude level sight 404 405 Vertical Horizon. Figure four image 5A ~ D comprises three controlling factors and a cylindrical image. That is, any one of the sub-perspective projection images are subject include horizontal field angle of the image 704 of FIG. 7, the projection horizontal field angle 502 in Figure 5B, the projection of a point of interest as shown in Figure 7 706 (X, cp). Figure 5D projection 504 is a combination of four sub-target image into a single image of the subject, and output examples. Figure 4A ~ C is a step to a transition from the cylindrical pattern azimuth mode. Figure 5A ~ D includes a perspective projection image and the three underlying image. Obviously, the present invention has the following characteristics: a projection 505D (a) the subject of a cylindrical pattern of sub-image source from providing a complete wide-angle image projection, which distort the situation is far less than the source image in Fig. 5A projection 501. (B) sub-perspective image of the subject, such as projection 506,507,508 from the source image provides a perspective projection image of three parts, and each sub-target image includes three control factors, namely by adjusting the POI, longitude horizontal field angle, the latitude angle from vertical horizon tilt - swing - zooms (PAN-TILT-ZOOM) 108 properties.

The inventors of the present invention is the use of rich experience, creative ideas, design a simple structure able to fully solve the prior art. Accordingly, the present invention is indeed consistent with the patent requirements of novelty and progress in nature. Only those described above, only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when it is not to limit the scope of the present invention. Generally, under this invention that is claimed in claim made equal changes and modifications will lose the essence of the invention resides not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it should be regarded as a further embodiment of the present invention the situation.